基于配合力和遗传距离的甜高粱杂种优势预测

【目的】对甜高粱主要农艺性状进行杂种优势、一般配合力及特殊配合力分析,同时,分析配合力、表型遗传距离以及分子遗传距离用于杂种优势预测的可行性,为甜高粱的种质创新和杂交种选育提供理论参考。【方法】采用不完全双列杂交设计,以8个甜高粱不育系为母本及8个甜高粱恢复系为父本配制64个杂交组合。对亲本及杂交后代进行2年的性状调查,包括：出苗至开花日数、生育期、株高、穗长、茎粗、分蘖、单穗粒重、千粒重、籽粒产量、单株重、生物产量和含糖量。分析不同性状的杂种优势、一般配合力、特殊配合力、表型遗传距离、分子遗传距离以及配合力、遗传距离与杂种优势的相关性。【结果】各性状的中亲优势由强到弱分别为单株重、籽粒产量、单穗粒重、生物产量、株高、穗长、千粒重、茎粗、生育期、至开花日数、分蘖和含糖量,其中,生育期、至开花日数、分蘖和含糖量等性状为负优势。不同性状的中亲优势和超亲优势由强到弱的顺序基本相同。配合力分析表明,每个性状中,不同亲本的一般配合力相差较大,且不同组合的特殊配合力也有很大差异。大多数特殊配合力高的组合,其亲本的一般配合力也较高。杂种优势与配合力和遗传距离的相关性为单株重、籽粒产量、单穗粒重、生物产量、穗长、千粒重、分蘖以及含糖量等性状的杂种优势与其亲本的一般配合力和特殊配合力均为极显著正相关。生育期的杂种优势与特殊配合力为极显著正相关,至开花日数与特殊配合力为显著正相关。亲本间的表型遗传距离为2.86—6.82,分子遗传距离为0.50—0.96。单株重、籽粒产量、单穗粒重、生物产量、株高、穗长、茎粗及含糖量等性状的杂种优势与分子遗传距离的相关性大于表型遗传距离,其中,生物产量、单株重、穗长和茎粗的杂种优势与分子遗传距离为极显著正相关。【结论】所有性状中,与产量相关性状的杂种优势较高,而含糖量和分蘖的杂种优势较低。在杂种优势预测上,利用亲本的配合力可有效预测杂种优势,预测效果优于遗传距离。与表型遗传距离相比,分子遗传距离对杂种优势的预测更有效。     

育雏早期应用氟苯尼考对禽腺病毒感染雏鸡病情的影响

为了评价氟苯尼考的应用对禽腺病毒感染雏鸡病情的影响,本试验通过对血清4型禽腺病毒感染SPF雏鸡并应用氟苯尼考饮水给药,监测雏鸡的发病及排毒情况,并对免疫器官指数、干扰素相关基因及细胞因子基因表达情况进行检测。结果显示,病毒感染雏鸡后应用氟苯尼考能显著增加雏鸡的病死率及排毒量,加重雏鸡的病理学变化,并降低雏鸡免疫器官指数,还可降低干扰素相关基因IRF-7、2′-5′OAS、MX1和细胞因子基因IL-6、IFN-γ、TNF-α的转录水平。本试验进一步认识了氟苯尼考的毒副作用,对临床氟苯尼考的合理用药提供了相关数据支持,为进一步研究氟苯尼考的毒副作用奠定了基础。     

施肥量对泰兴香荷芋生长及产量效益的影响

通过对泰兴香荷芋施肥量研究,考查了各处理主要生育期的苗情与长势、成熟期子孙芋产量及商品芋产值效益。结果显示:基施腐熟脱水猪粪15t·hm-2,苗期追施(3.1叶)脱水猪粪15t·hm-2+13-10-18高钾复合肥675kg·hm-2的处理子孙芋产量最高为23 421.90kg·hm-2,商品芋效益为88 506.60元·hm-2;基施有机肥7 500kg·hm-2+苗期追施(3.1叶)有机肥7 500kg·hm-2+13-10-18高钾复合肥450kg·hm-2+膨大肥(8.1叶)13-10-18高钾复合肥900kg·hm-2的处理产量相对较高。     

山西省畜禽粪污土地承载力及粪尿替代化肥潜力分析

为明确山西省畜牧业的发展规模,优化畜牧业发展的空间格局,进一步为山西省农牧业实现绿色发展提供科学依据。研究基于农牧生产系统养分平衡的方法,测算了山西省县域尺度的畜禽粪污土地承载力。结果表明,山西省的种植业与畜牧业发展规模在空间上存在一定的错位,种植业发达的地区主要分布在省域南部和中部的区县,而畜牧业发达的地区则分布在省域北部、中部和东南部的区县;山西省当前的畜牧业发展规模折合为2 371.77万猪当量,以粪尿氮作为约束指标,山西畜牧业可发展规模为5 976.01万猪当量;以粪尿磷(纯磷,下同)作为约束指标,山西畜牧业可发展规模为7 212.27万猪当量。综合粪尿氮磷承载力指数结果分析,超载区域主要分布在省域北部种植业欠发达的区县和省城太原周边的区县;全省粪尿氮、磷的有效供给量分别为18.28万t和3.15万t,可以分别有效替代氮、磷肥39.79%和33.21%。无论以粪尿氮或磷作为约束指标,山西畜牧业整体上仍有较大的发展空间,可适度增加畜禽养殖规模,但需要关注城市近郊区县的畜禽粪尿氮磷的环境排放和大中型养殖企业的点源污染问题。在畜禽粪尿养分资源管理策略上,则应考虑优化农牧业生产布局和区域间协同管理。     

健康和患根腐病西洋参根水提液化感作用差异性分析

以黄瓜、萝卜和白菜种子为试材,采用西洋参水提液处理的方法,研究了不同浓度的健康和患根腐病西洋参水提液对3种受试植物种子萌发率、幼苗下胚轴长、根长和鲜质量的影响,分析健康和患根腐病西洋参的差异性化感作用,以期为进一步筛选和鉴定差异化感物质提供参考依据.结果 表明:患根腐病西洋参水提液分别在25000 mg·L-1和2500 mg·L-1显著抑制黄瓜和白菜种子萌发,抑制率最高分别为37.25％和24.00％,而健康西洋参水提液则无明显抑制作用.此外,患根腐病西洋参水提液也明显降低了黄瓜、白菜、萝卜幼苗的根长和下胚轴长,抑制了幼苗的生长,而健康西洋参水提液不明显.总体上表明健康和根腐病西洋参水提液对黄瓜、萝卜和白菜种子的化感作用存在显著差异性.     

籽用西葫芦新品种比较试验

为了解决新疆昌吉地区籽用西葫芦品种繁杂、产量不高、效益不好等问题,从山西省引进10个籽用西葫芦新品种,通过田间试验比较分析了各品种的生育期、植物学性状、果实性状、籽粒性状、抗病性及产量等指标,初步筛选出3个适合新疆昌吉地区种植的籽用西葫芦品种,分别为籽瑞宝、ZHL-3和华仁九号,3个品种白粉病、病毒病发病率均在10%及以下,667 m~2籽粒产量175 kg以上。     

CUDC-907 induces DNA damage and autophagy in glioma cells

AIM:To investigate the effect of CUDC-907, a dual histone deacetylase (HDAC) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor, on the DNA damage, cell cycle distribution and autophagy in human glioma U251 cells. METHODS:U251 cells were treated with CUDC-907 of different concentrations, and the cell viability was detected by MTT assay. The quantitative γ-H2AX foci were determined by laser scanning confocal microscopy. The cell cycle distribution of U251 cells was examined by flow cytometry. The protein expression was determined by Western blot analysis. RESULTS:CUDC-907 inhibited the cell viability and the phosphorylation of Akt and p70 ribosomal protein S6 kinase (p70s6K) in the U251 cells (P<0.05). In CUDC-907-treated cells, the number of γ-H2AX foci and protein expression of γ-H2AX were increased significantly (P<0.05). CUDC-907 also induced cell arrest in the G₂/M phase by up-regulating the expression of p21, and inhibiting the protein level of cyclin B1 and the phosphorylation of cell division cycle protein 2 (Cdc2). In addition, CUDC-907 triggered cell autophagy, and inhibition of autophagy increased CUDC-907-induced DNA damage of U251 cells. CONCLUSION:CUDC-907 significantly inhibits PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, induces DNA damage and arrests cell cycle in G₂/M phase. Blockage of autophagy promotes CUDC-907-induced DNA damage of U251 cells.     

Effects of the severity and timing of basal leaf removal on the amino acids profiles of Sauvignon Blanc grapes and wines

The effects of the severity and timing of leaf removal(LR) on the amino acids of Sauvignon Blanc grapes and wines were studied during the 2017 growing season. High-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) was used to analyze the amino acids profiles of grape berries and wines. The basal leaves were removed at three time points(40, 56 and 72 days after flowering, named LR40, LR56 and LR72, respectively) at two severity levels(one at which the first, third, and fifth basal leaves of each shoot were removed(50% level); and another at which the first six basal leaves were removed(100% level)). The results showed that leaf removal had little impact on total soluble solids(°Brix), titratable acidity, pH or berry weight. The LR72-50% treated grapes had higher berry weight, titratable acidity and °Brix than those of the other treatments. The highest concentrations of total amino acids and of total amino acids except proline were detected in LR72-50% treated grapes(2 952.58 and 2 764.36 mg L~(-1), respectively); the lowest were detected in LR72-100% treated grapes(2 172.82 and 2 038.71 mg L~(-1), respectively). LR72-50% treatment significantly promoted the synthesis of aspartic acid, serine, arginine, alanine, aminobutyric acid and proline at both severity levels for grapes, the concentrations of all of these amino acids were increased relative to the control concentrations. The LR72-50%, LR40-100% and LR72-100% treated wines had higher total amino acids concentrations and higher concentrations of some individual amino acids, such as arginine, alanine and serine, than did the control wines. Of all the amino acids studied, glycine, tyrosine, cysteine, methionine and lysine were not significantly influenced by the timing or severity basal defoliation in grapes and wines. The present study reveals the effects of the timing and severity of leaf removal on the amino acids profiles of grapes and wines.     

基于核糖体DNA第二内部转录间隔区(ITS2)序列鉴定四季青及其近缘种和混伪品

中药材四季青(Ilicis Chinensis Folium)的基原植物冬青(Ilex chinensis)是重要的园林观赏物种。利用DNA条形码技术可以快速、准确鉴定四季青及其近缘种和混伪品。本研究以冬青、铁冬青(Ilex rotunda)、秤星树(Ilex asprella)、枸骨(Ilex cornuta)和女贞(Ligustrum lucium)等37份植物样本为实验材料,提取全基因组DNA,扩增核糖体DNA第二内部转录间隔区(internal transcribed spacer 2,ITS2)序列并进行双向测序。测序结果利用Codon Code Aligner 4.2.7进行序列拼接,获得高质量ITS2序列。同时从Gen Bank中获得28条冬青的同属近缘种以及混伪品女贞、四川山矾(Symplocos setchuensis)的ITS2序列。基于隐马尔科夫模型(hidden Markov model,HMM)注释5.8S和28S,获得完整的ITS2区域,进而应用MEGA6.0(molecular evolutionary genetics analysis)进行冬青种间和种内序列分析,计算种内种间K2P(Kimura 2-parameter)遗传距离,构建邻接树(neighbor-joining tree,NJ tree)。结果表明,琼脂糖凝胶电泳得到清晰明亮的均一条带,说明利用通用的ITS2引物可以成功扩增到用于测序的PCR产物。通过PCR产物测序、数据处理和序列分析可知,冬青种内ITS2长度经过比对后为239 bp,全部样品的种间ITS2比对后长度为269 bp。冬青种内有4个变异位点以及6个单倍型,种间有143个变异位点,远远多于其种内变异位点。MEGA6.0分析结果表明,种间最小K2P遗传距离(0.094)大于种内最大K2P遗传距离(0.013)。邻接树显示,女贞和四川山矾分别以100%的自展支持率分别聚类,表现出良好的单系性,冬青属物种聚为一大支。冬青在冬青属下可以单独聚为一支,可以进行区分。冬青属其他物种以同一亚属聚为一支。研究结果表明,作为一种快速、准确、简便的分子生物学鉴定方法,ITS2可以应用于冬青及其近缘种和混伪品的鉴定,同时对于准确鉴定冬青属物种亦有巨大潜力,可为冬青属植物在临床上的用药安全和开发应用提供科学依据。